Nazi­ism ener­gized not only mur­der­ous­ly anti-Semit­ic ele­ments but also counter nation­alisms. Germany’s mas­sive exploita­tion of mate­r­i­al, cul­tur­al, and human resources was deeply resent­ed. Fac­ing defeat, its alliances shat­tered. Col­lab­o­ra­tion, though, was nev­er as per­va­sive, nor bru­tal­ly sup­pressed resis­tance as wide­spread, as pop­u­lar­ly imag­ined. Mazow­er notes, too, how the occu­pa­tion sowed the seeds for post­war supra-nation­al Euro­pean insti­tu­tions as well as the demise of Euro­pean colo­nial empires. Though marred by con­clud­ing gra­tu­itous com­par­i­son of Nazi cap­tive land plans with pre-State of Israel land pur­chas­es and inmi­gra­tion pro­mo­tion, this is an impres­sive, acces­si­ble work of schol­ar­ship, illu­mi­nat­ing in fine detail one of the dark­est peri­ods in human his­to­ry. Abbre­vi­a­tions and acronyms, bib­li­og­ra­phy, end notes, illus­tra­tions, maps.