Jew­ish Text

The Wash­ing­ton Hag­gadah: A Fif­teenth-Cen­tu­ry Man­u­script from the Library of Congress

Joel ben Sime­on; David Stern, trans.
  • Review
By – August 30, 2011
From 1912 through 1916, Ephraim Deinard, a Jew­ish book­man of excep­tion­al breadth, arranged for the sale of almost 20,000 vol­umes of Judaica to the Library of Con­gress, the begin­ning of one of the finest col­lec­tions in the world. Among those vol­umes was an illu­mi­nat­ed hag­gadah by Joel ben Sime­on (c.1420 – c.1492), a pro­lif­ic and unusu­al medieval scribe, a pro­fes­sion­al who illus­trat­ed as well as cal­ligraphed his work.

This fac­sim­i­le edi­tion of one of Joel’s best pre­served man­u­scripts opens many doors on the Jew­ish world of the late Mid­dle Ages. Liv­ing and work­ing in Ger­many and Italy, Joel drew on both Ashke­naz­ic and Ital­ian reli­gious and artis­tic tra­di­tions. In a brief and infor­ma­tive essay, David Stern, pro­fes­sor of clas­si­cal Jew­ish lit­er­a­ture at the Uni­ver­si­ty of Penn­syl­va­nia, cov­ers the his­to­ry of the seder and hag­gadah and explores Joel’s hag­gadah for its preser­va­tion of some lost prac­tices and its pic­ture of Jew­ish life at a crit­i­cal peri­od in cul­tur­al his­to­ry — the dawn of print­ing. An essay by Katrin Kog­man-Appel, asso­ciate pro­fes­sor of arts at Ben-Guri­on Uni­ver­si­ty of the Negev, ana­lyzes Joel’s illus­tra­tions, not­ing his per­cep­tive por­tray­als of all social class­es as well as the influ­ences on his art and, in turn, his art’s influ­ence on sub­se­quent hag­gadot.

The plea­sure in this fac­sim­i­le lies in its delight­ful illus­tra­tions and inno­v­a­tive cal­lig­ra­phy, graced with Joel’s unique dec­o­ra­tive touch­es, and the wine stains and notes left by its var­i­ous own­ers, indi­cat­ing that the hag­gadah was actu­al­ly used. In turn­ing the pages of Joel’s hag­gadah at leisure, read­ers may well imag­ine its use for over four cen­turies. Bib­li­og­ra­phy, notes. 

Check out a sam­ple of pages from Har­vard Uni­ver­si­ty Press

Maron L. Wax­man, retired edi­to­r­i­al direc­tor, spe­cial projects, at the Amer­i­can Muse­um of Nat­ur­al His­to­ry, was also an edi­to­r­i­al direc­tor at Harper­Collins and Book-of-the-Month Club.

Discussion Questions