Julius (Jay) Wach­tel, Ph.D., is a lec­tur­er in the Divi­sion of Pol­i­tics, Admin­is­tra­tion and Jus­tice, Cal­i­for­nia State Uni­ver­si­ty Fuller­ton. Jay’s for­mer career (he retired in 1998) was as a Fed­er­al crim­i­nal inves­ti­ga­tor and super­vi­sor. His inter­est in the USSR was sparked by the expe­ri­ences of his moth­er, who was lib­er­at­ed from a Pol­ish con­cen­tra­tion camp by Sovi­et troops.