Lisa Appig­nane­si is the author of sev­er­al crit­i­cal­ly acclaimed and prizewin­ning books on the his­to­ry of mad­ness and mind-doc­tor­ing, most recent­ly Every­day Mad­ness: On Grief, Anger, Loss and Love. She has writ­ten for the New York Review of Books, the Guardian, and the Observ­er. She is a for­mer Pres­i­dent of Eng­lish PEN, chair of the Freud Muse­um, Lon­don, and the Roy­al Soci­ety of Literature.